Difference between revisions of "Solved 340-character cipher"

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Zodiac, the serial killer who terrorized Northern California in the late 1960s, sent four ciphers to local newspapers. The first cipher was separated into three different parts and each part was sent to Vallejo Times-Herald, the San Francisco Chronicle, and the San Francisco Examiner. The combination of all three parts formed a 408-letter cipher, which was decrypted one week after it was received. Zodiac also sent a 340-letter cipher, mailed on a card on November 8 1969, that [https://youtu.be/-1oQLPRE21o was recently solved.]
 
Zodiac, the serial killer who terrorized Northern California in the late 1960s, sent four ciphers to local newspapers. The first cipher was separated into three different parts and each part was sent to Vallejo Times-Herald, the San Francisco Chronicle, and the San Francisco Examiner. The combination of all three parts formed a 408-letter cipher, which was decrypted one week after it was received. Zodiac also sent a 340-letter cipher, mailed on a card on November 8 1969, that [https://youtu.be/-1oQLPRE21o was recently solved.]
 
UPDATE: [[Compilation of news reports about the solution]]
 
 
== Articles and information about the 340 cipher ==
 
  
 
[[File:340-cipher-hi-resolution.jpg|thumb|High-resolution scan of the 340-character cipher]]
 
[[File:340-cipher-hi-resolution.jpg|thumb|High-resolution scan of the 340-character cipher]]
[[File:Sfchron340cipher.png|thumb|Cipher as it appeared in the SF Chronicle on Nov 13, 1969 (Credit: Deborah Silva, who posts as Seagull on the Zodiac forums)]]
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[[File:Sfchron340cipher.png|thumb|Cipher as it appeared in the SF Chronicle on Nov 13, 1969 (Credit - Deborah Silva, who posts as Seagull on the Zodiac forums)]]
 
 
*[[Encyclopedia of observations]] - A collection of observations about the cipher text
 
*[[Comparison of cipher alphabets]]
 
*[[Comparison of character repetition rates]]
 
*[[Comparison of sequence repetition rates]]
 
*[[Levenshtein distance analysis]] - A look at the occurrences of repeated sequences that are not exact matches.
 
*[[Quadrant analysis]] - Do the n-gram counts improve If we split the cipher text into four quadrants?
 
*[[Quadrant analysis Part 2]] - An expansion of the previous quadrant analysis experiment.  Is it possible to produce quadrant arrangements that increase the number and quality of homophones detected algorithmically?
 
*Information theory (entropy, randomness, etc)
 
*[[FBI analysis from Dan Olson]]
 
*[[Cipher-related excerpts from case documents]]
 
*[[Word frequency analysis]] (word frequencies derived from a corpus of Zodiac correspondences)
 
*[http://www.zodiackillerfacts.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=1339 Omnidirectional repetitions] - An investigation into patterns that repeat in arbitrary directions by following "snake-like" paths.
 
** (Above link is broken.  [http://zodiackillerciphers.com/Zodiac%20Killer%20Forum%20-%20View%20topic%20-%20Omnidirectional%20repetitions.html Click here for an archived copy.)]
 
*[http://www.zodiackillerfacts.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=23179#p23179 "Complexification"] - Did the cipher author begin with a simpler set of cipher symbols, then "complexify" certain symbols to further flatten the symbol distributions?
 
*[[Substring ranking]] - Can we apply measurements that give us a way to find interesting sections of cipher text for focused attacks?
 
*[[Catalog of repeating fragments]] - A comprehensive list of portions of cipher text that occur more than once in the cipher text.
 
*[[Cipher Legitimacy]] - Are the Zodiac ciphers real, or are they hoaxes?
 
*[[Corpus Experiments]] - A collection of corpus-based experiments performed on the Zodiac ciphers
 
*[http://zodiackillersite.com/viewtopic.php?f=81&t=2617 Outline of ongoing work on Z340]
 
*[http://zodiackillersite.com/viewtopic.php?f=81&t=2916 Another outline of ongoing work on Z340]
 
  
== Homophone sequences ==
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* [[Solution to the 340]]
* Detection of homophone sequences in the cipher text
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* [[Frequency analysis for the 340]]
**[http://www.zodiackillerfacts.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=1329&p=22906 Jurgen Koller's "Two-Times Repetition" approach]
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* [[Articles and details about the 340]]
**[http://www.zodiackillerfacts.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=50&t=1329&p=22906#p22906 Computation of statistical significance of 6-symbol repetitions at the beginning of the cipher text]
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* [[Homophone sequences in the 340]]
**[[Brute force search for homophone sequences]] - Shows sequences detected in the 408 and 340 ciphers by performing brute force searches for sequences involving up to 7 symbols.
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* [[The Pivots]]
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* [[Hypothesis Testing]]
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* [[Other considered possibilities]]
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* [[Halloween Card]]

Latest revision as of 03:30, 24 September 2021

Zodiac, the serial killer who terrorized Northern California in the late 1960s, sent four ciphers to local newspapers. The first cipher was separated into three different parts and each part was sent to Vallejo Times-Herald, the San Francisco Chronicle, and the San Francisco Examiner. The combination of all three parts formed a 408-letter cipher, which was decrypted one week after it was received. Zodiac also sent a 340-letter cipher, mailed on a card on November 8 1969, that was recently solved.

High-resolution scan of the 340-character cipher
Cipher as it appeared in the SF Chronicle on Nov 13, 1969 (Credit - Deborah Silva, who posts as Seagull on the Zodiac forums)