Encyclopedia of observations

TODO - work in progress

This page is meant to collect the many factual observations people have made about the ciphers over the years.

=408-character cipher observations=
 * Several symbol/letter assignments in the 408 key seem to reflect adjacencies on QWERTY-layout keyboards (the standard keyboard layout for typewriters and computer keyboards). (Source)

=340-character cipher observations=
 * The paper the cipher is written on contains several Fifth Avenue watermarks (here's glurk's animation to help you spot where they appear).
 * The first 3 symbols of the 340 do not reappear soon. It starts with "HER", and H only appears 3 other times, E only appears 2 other times. (From Duman)
 * In the third column, the 3 occurrences of the "R" symbol are evenly spaced, each separated by four rows. (From Wrench)
 * The author of the cipher does not use the forward-facing letter Q as a cipher symbol, but uses a backwards-facing Q instead. Similarly, he does not use the forward-facing letter C as a cipher symbol in the 408-character cipher, but uses a backwards-facing C instead.  Why doesn't he use up all the normal alphabetic symbols before resorting to additional symbols and variations?
 * The first repeated symbol occurs at the 19th position. Thus the first 18 symbols contain no repeats.  Coincidentally, the last 18 symbols of the 408 cipher do not form a legible solution.  (From traveller1st)
 * The most frequently occurring symbol, +, occurs 24 times. Only once does it fall on a prime-numbered position in the cipher text (counting from 1 to 340), against expectations.  (More detail) (From Dan Johnson)
 * The second most frequently occurring symbol, B, occurs 12 times. Only once does it fall on a prime-numbered position in the cipher text (counting from 1 to 340), against expectations.  (More detail) (From Dan Johnson)
 * The upper loop of the "B" symbol on line 19 column 9 is larger than the lower loop, making the symbol look disproportional and distinct from the other "B" symbols. (From Doc.  Doc also speculates the symbol was original a "P" and the author corrected it by adding the bottom loop.)
 * The last occurrence of the "+" symbol is wider than the others. (From Doc.  Doc speculates that the author "hesitated" on this symbol.)
 * Cipher symbols seem to get larger as the cipher goes on. Row 20 seems larger than Row 1.  (From Doc.  Doc speculates the author wrote the cipher from top to bottom, and was tiring.)
 * The backwards D at the end of the first line appears to have a dot in it (Source: comment from "The McNX")
 * The symbols that represent "R" in the 408 are [[File:br.jpg]] and [[File:backslash.jpg]]. Both symbols are missing from the 340 cipher.  (Source: Wier)
 * The symbol '+' is frequently adjacent (in all directions, not just left/right) to the symbol 'R'. (Source: http://www.zodiackillersite.com/viewtopic.php?p=39791#p39791).  'B' is the 2nd most common symbol in the cipher (12 appearances), but for some reason it is adjacent to only one of the 24 '+' symbols.
 * A tiny 'R' is written at the bottom right corner of the page. Similarly, information is written at the bottom right corner of a section of the 408, and the bottom right corner of the letter containing the map code.

= 408 and 340 =
 * "The 408 and 340 ciphers fit exactly into two standard-size pages ruled into half-inch squares. The 408 will use one page plus one inch from another page. The second page will then fit the 340 exactly." (from Jem) (Open question: Is the 340 a continuation of the 408?)
 * "An 8 1/2 X 11 inch paper divided into 1/2" squares yields 17X22 or 374 separate squares. Two pages together: 374 X 2= 748. The two ciphers together? 748 symbols." (from entropy)